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Assess the environment of a high school or junior high school classroom

Rudolf H. Moos & Edison Trickett

Help create a positive school climate in which more students succeed with the Classroom Environment Scale (CES). The instrument evaluates the effects of course content, teaching methods, teacher personality, class composition and characteristics of the overall classroom environment.

The 2002 Third Edition Manual is extensive, and has been used in educational settings by consultants, teachers and administrators to describe learning environments, contrast teachers’ and students’ views of the classroom, and to compare actual and preferred learning environments. The scale can be used to facilitate counseling, academic planning and program evaluation. The CES can also be used both in the aggregate to evaluate the classroom itself, as well as with individuals to reveal how a student views the classroom and his or her place in it.

• An insightful look into the school environment and a means of pinpointing areas in need of change
• Requires approximately 15 minutes to complete
• Simple to administer. All three forms (R, I, E) are included
• Easy to score

Translations of this instrument are available. Click here to see a complete list of translations, along with more details on our translation policy.

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Classroom Environment Scale: Bibliography

Rudolf H. Moos

A compilation of references to Classroom Environment Scale research.

Uses of the Classroom Environment Scale

• diagnose problems
• monitor and promote change and program improvement
• appraise and improve leadership

Applications

• evaluate the impact of intervention programs for individuals and classrooms
• research and program evaluation

Scales

The 90 items of the CES are grouped into nine subscales with three dimensions.

Relationship

Three subscales tap the degree of student attentiveness, interest and participation in class activities, as well as the concern and friendship students feel for one another, and the amount of help, trust and friendship the teacher shows for students.

• Involvement
• Affiliation
• Teacher Support

Personal Growth/Goal Orientation

Two dimensions measure the emphasis on completing planned activities and staying on the subject matter as well as how much the students compete with one another for grades and recognition and how hard it is to achieve good grades.

• Task Orientation
• Competition

System Maintenance and Change

• Order and Organization assesses the emphasis on students behaving in an orderly and polite manner and on the organization of assignments and activities
• Rule Clarity reflects how much emphasis is placed on establishing clear rules, consequences of misbehaving, and the extent to which the teacher is consistent in dealing with rule-breakers
• Teacher Control measures how strict the teacher is in enforcing rules, the severity of punishment, and how much students get into trouble in the class
• Innovation assesses how much students contribute to planning classroom activities, and the extent that the teacher uses new techniques and encourages creative thinking

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Applications and Evidence:

The CES Manual, Third Edition contains comprehensive information regarding the development and use of the CES scales in sections such as

• When is an Assessment of a Classroom Environment Useful
• Interpreting Classroom Profiles
• Evaluating Programs
• Development, Normative Samples, and Psychometric Characteristics
• Research Applications and Validity

The Manual Appendices also contain raw-to-standard score conversion tables for both Classroom Means and Individuals Student Scale Scores.

Inventory Booklet Samples:

Three types of forms. Ninety items measure nine subscales.

Real Form: The items are worded asking students and teachers to describe their current classroom learning environment as it is

A. Students put a lot of energy into what they do here	T	F
B. Students in this class get to know each other really well	T	F

 

Ideal and Expectations Forms: Allow students and teachers to describe the type of learning environment they prefer or their expectations of what a learning environment will be like

A. Students will put a lot of energy into what they do	T	F
B. Students in the class will get to know each other really well	T	F

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FROM THE CES

"Although many applications of the CES focus on aggregate scores and on the classroom itself, the CES can also help educational consultants and others whose primary interest is the individual, not the classroom as such.

An individual profile reveals how a student views the classroom and his or her place in it. Unlike most assessment procedures, which may describe characteristics such as intelligence, personality, or interests, an individual CES profile reveals a person’s perceptions. Thus, as a source of unique information about the individual, the CES can enhance student assessment. "

--Rudolf Moos & Edison Trickett, Classroom Environment Scale Manual

ALSO BY RUDOLF MOOS

Community Oriented Programs Environmental Scale (COPES)

Group Environment Scale

Health & Daily Living Form

Family Environment Scale

With Bernice Moos

REFERENCES

More about Rudolf H. Moos, Professor of Psychiatry, Center for Health Policy / Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, California. 

 

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